发现问题
我使用的oracle11g，当我敲下如下一段命令后，就让我傻眼了。。
alter system set sga_max_size=960m scope=spfile; shutdown immediate startup
此时的startup报错了，错误为：
sql> startup ora-00844: parameter not taking memory_target into account ora-00851: sga_max_size 985661440 cannot be set to more than memory_target 784334848.
原因分析
原来在oracle11g中增加了memory_target参数，sga_max_size必须比memory_target参数小。那么问题来了，此时我已经关闭oracle了，spfile文件是二进制文件，又不能手动修改，那么我该怎么办呢。。好捉急好捉急。。。
解决思路
通过pfile启动oracle–>在oracle中通过create pfile='' from spfile=''取出spfile的内容（pfile是可以手动修改的）–>修改新建的pfile–>以新的pfile启动oracle–>在oracle中通过create spfile='' from pfile=''获得修改后的spfile
实战
[oracle@wing ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on mon feb 15 14:04:46 2016 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to an idle instance. sql> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new' from spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilewingdb.ora'; file created. sql> exit disconnected from oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options 通过vi修改pfile.new文件中相应的参数（数据库技术:在Oracle关闭情况下如何修改spfile的参数档中是memory_target参数），修改后保存 [oracle@wing ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on mon feb 15 14:04:46 2016 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to an idle instance. sql> startup pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new' oracle instance started. total system global area 810090496 bytes fixed size 2257520 bytes variable size 415239568 bytes database buffers 390070272 bytes redo buffers 2523136 bytes database mounted. database opened. sql> create spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbsspfilewingdb.ora' from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.new'; file created. sql> shutdown immediate database closed. database dismounted. oracle instance shut down. sql> exit disconnected from oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options [oracle@wing ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on mon feb 15 14:08:40 2016 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to an idle instance. sql> sql> startup oracle instance started. total system global area 810090496 bytes fixed size 2257520 bytes variable size 415239568 bytes database buffers 390070272 bytes redo buffers 2523136 bytes database mounted. database opened. sql> show parameter memory name type ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- value ------------------------------ hi_shared_memory_address integer 0 memory_max_target big integer 800m memory_target big integer 800m shared_memory_address integer 0 sql> show parameter sga name type ------------------------------------ -------------------------------- value ------------------------------ lock_sga boolean false pre_page_sga boolean false sga_max_size big integer 776m sga_target big integer 740m # 至此oracle使用新的spfile启动成功，参数也得到相应的修改
总结
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