c/c++开发分享C语言实现二值图像模拟灰值图像显示效果实例为大家分享了c语言实现二值图像模拟灰值图像显示效果的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
图案法
图案法(patterning)是指灰度可以用一定比例的黑白点组成的区域表示，从而达到整体图象的灰度感。黑白点的位置选择称为图案化。
下面介绍的一种设计标准图案的算法，是由limb在1969年提出的。
先以一个2×2的矩阵开始：
通过递归关系有：
其中mn和un均为2n×2n的方阵，un的所有元素都是1。
根据这个算法m2如下，为16级灰度的标准图案：
m3(8×8阵)比较特殊，称为bayer抖动表。m4是一个16×16的矩阵。
m3 表模拟灰值图像显示效果：
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #pragma pack(1) //全紧凑模式 typedef struct { unsigned char bftype[2]; unsigned long bfsize; unsigned short bfreserved1; unsigned short bfreserved2; unsigned long bfoffbits; }bitmapfileheader; typedef struct { unsigned long bisize; unsigned long biwidth; unsigned long biheight; unsigned short biplanes; unsigned short bibitcount; unsigned long bicompression; unsigned long bisizeimage; long bixpixpermeter; long biypixpermeter; unsigned long biclrused; unsigned long biclrimportant; }bitmapinfoheader; typedef struct{ unsigned char rgbblue; unsigned char rgbgreen; unsigned char rgbred; unsigned char rgbreserved; }rgbquad; typedef struct{ bitmapfileheader bfheader; bitmapinfoheader biheader; rgbquad palette[256]; unsigned char *imgdata; }bmp; int main(){ file *fp; if((fp=fopen("d:temp\test_gray.bmp","rb"))==null){ perror("can not open file!"); return -1; } //读入彩色bmp图像文件头，信息头和图像数据 bitmapfileheader bfheader; fread(&bfheader,14,1,fp); bitmapinfoheader biheader; fread(&biheader,40,1,fp); int imsize=biheader.bisizeimage; int width=biheader.biwidth; int height=biheader.biheight; int bitcount=biheader.bibitcount; int linebytes=(width*bitcount+31)/32*4; fseek(fp,bfheader.bfoffbits,seek_set); unsigned char*imagedata=(unsigned char*)malloc(imsize*sizeof(unsigned char)); fread(imagedata,imsize*sizeof(unsigned char),1,fp); fclose(fp); bmp b; memcpy(&(b.bfheader),&bfheader,sizeof(bfheader)); memcpy(&(b.biheader),&biheader,sizeof(biheader)); b.imgdata=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*imsize); memset(b.imgdata,0,sizeof(unsigned char)*imsize); for(int i=0;i<256;i++){ b.palette[i].rgbblue=i; b.palette[i].rgbgreen=i; b.palette[i].rgbred=i; } int i,j,temp; unsigned char bayer[8][8]={ 0,32,8,40,2,34,10,42, 48,16,56,24,50,18,58,26, 12,44,4,36,14,46,6,38, 60,28,52,20,62,30,54,22, 3,35,11,43,1,33,9,41, 51,19,59,27,49,17,57,25, 15,47,7,39,13,45,5,37, 63,31,55,23,61,29,53,21 }; for(i=0;i<height;i++){ for(j=0;j<width;j++){ temp=imagedata[linebytes*i+j]; if((temp>>2)>bayer[i&7][j&7]) b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]=255; else b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]=0; } } char savepath[]="d:temp\save_test.bmp"; file *f_save=fopen(savepath,"wb"); if(f_save==null){ perror("can not open file!"); return -2; } fwrite(&b.bfheader,sizeof(bitmapfileheader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.biheader,sizeof(bitmapinfoheader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.palette,1024,1,f_save); fwrite(b.imgdata,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biheader.bisizeimage,1,f_save); fclose(f_save); free(imagedata); free(b.imgdata); getchar(); return 0; }
代码效果：
抖动法
假设灰度级别的范围从b(black)到w(white)，中间值t为(b+w)/2，对应256级灰度，b=0,w=255,t=127.5。设原图中象素的灰度为g，误差值为e，则新图中对应象素的值用如下的方法得到：
if g > t then 打白点 e=g-w else 打黑点 e=g-b 3/8 × e 加到右边的象素 3/8 × e 加到上边的象素 1/4 × e 加到右上方的象素
实现代码：
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #pragma pack(1) //全紧凑模式 typedef struct { unsigned char bftype[2]; unsigned long bfsize; unsigned short bfreserved1; unsigned short bfreserved2; unsigned long bfoffbits; }bitmapfileheader; typedef struct { unsigned long bisize; unsigned long biwidth; unsigned long biheight; unsigned short biplanes; unsigned short bibitcount; unsigned long bicompression; unsigned long bisizeimage; long bixpixpermeter; long biypixpermeter; unsigned long biclrused; unsigned long biclrimportant; }bitmapinfoheader; typedef struct{ unsigned char rgbblue; unsigned char rgbgreen; unsigned char rgbred; unsigned char rgbreserved; }rgbquad; typedef struct{ bitmapfileheader bfheader; bitmapinfoheader biheader; rgbquad palette[256]; unsigned char *imgdata; }bmp; int main(){ file *fp; if((fp=fopen("d:temp\test_gray.bmp","rb"))==null){ perror("can not open file!"); return -1; } //读入彩色bmp图像文件头，信息头和图像数据 bitmapfileheader bfheader; fread(&bfheader,14,1,fp); bitmapinfoheader biheader; fread(&biheader,40,1,fp); int imsize=biheader.bisizeimage; int width=biheader.biwidth; int height=biheader.biheight; int bitcount=biheader.bibitcount; int linebytes=(width*bitcount+31)/32*4; fseek(fp,bfheader.bfoffbits,seek_set); unsigned char*imagedata=(unsigned char*)malloc(imsize*sizeof(unsigned char)); fread(imagedata,imsize*sizeof(unsigned char),1,fp); fclose(fp); bmp b; memcpy(&(b.bfheader),&bfheader,sizeof(bfheader)); memcpy(&(b.biheader),&biheader,sizeof(biheader)); b.imgdata=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*imsize); memset(b.imgdata,0,sizeof(unsigned char)*imsize); for(int i=0;i<256;i++){ b.palette[i].rgbblue=i; b.palette[i].rgbgreen=i; b.palette[i].rgbred=i; } int i,j,temp; double e,f; for(i=0;i<height;i++){ for(j=0;j<width;j++){ b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]=imagedata[linebytes*i+j]; //拷贝数据 } } for(i=0;i<height;i++){ for(j=0;j<width;j++){ temp=b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]; if(temp>128){ b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]=255; e=(float)(temp-255); } else{ b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j]=0; e=(float)temp; } if(j<width-1){ f=b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j+1]; f+=3.0/8.0*e; b.imgdata[linebytes*i+j+1]=(unsigned char)f; //向右传播 } if(i<height-1){ f=b.imgdata[linebytes*(i+1)+j]; f+=3.0/8.0*e; b.imgdata[linebytes*(i+1)+j]=(unsigned char)f; //向上传播 f=b.imgdata[linebytes*(i+1)+j+1]; f+=1.0/4.0*e; b.imgdata[linebytes*(i+1)+j+1]=(unsigned char)f; //向右上传播 } } } char savepath[]="d:temp\save_test.bmp"; file *f_save=fopen(savepath,"wb"); if(f_save==null){ perror("can not open file!"); return -2; } fwrite(&b.bfheader,sizeof(bitmapfileheader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.biheader,sizeof(bitmapinfoheader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.palette,1024,1,f_save); fwrite(b.imgdata,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biheader.bisizeimage,1,f_save); fclose(f_save); free(imagedata); free(b.imgdata); getchar(); return 0; }
代码效果：
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